3D and 4D Printing as Integrated Manufacturing Methods of Industry 4.0

3D printing, also known under the term additive manufacturing, is a technology that allows creation of complex and highly detailed objects using digital model number materials, such as plastics, metals, ceramics. 4D printing an expansion incorporates time, meaning material used in can change shape or properties over time. This becoming increasingly important context Industry 4.0, characterized by Integration cutting-edge technologies, including artificial intelligence, internet things, advanced robotics into manufacturing processes. In being to create customized products, improve supply chain efficiency reduce costs lead times. Additionally, utilized sectors like aerospace, regenerative medicine dental, automotive geometries parts would be challenging impossible conventional production techniques. Furthermore, opens up new opportunities emerging, novel, where ability materials adapt time beneficial.